Python Turtle Graphics – code-it supported by HIAS, Hampshire Inspection and Advisory Service

Code to set-up the Turtle Programming Environment

import turtle
t=turtle.Turtle()   #name of the turtle (t) / you can add more turtles here
wn=turtle.Screen()  #Creates the turtle window
t.fd(30)            #All turtle commands go after row above and before row below
wn.exitonclick()    #Do NOT delete must go at the end

Turtle Movement and Turning Commands

t.fd(50)            #Turtle moves forwards 50

t.bk(50)            #Turtle moves back 50

t.rt(90)            #Turtle turns right 90 degrees

t.lt(90)            #Turtle turns left 90 degrees

t.setpos(-100,-100) #uses cartesian coordinates to move turtle (x,y)

Drawing Circles and Regular Polygons

t.circle(100)       #Turtle draws a circle with radius of 100

t.circle(40,180)    #Turtle draws a circle radius of 40 but only draws 180 degrees (half circle)

t.circle(40,360,6) #Radius 40, 360 degrees, 6 sides (hexagon)

t.circle(70,360,3) #Radius 70, 360 degrees, 3 sides (triangle)

t.dot(40)          #Filled in circle with radius of 40

Turtle Start and Stop Drawing Commands

t.pu()              #Turtle stops drawing (pen up) but can still move

t.pd()              #Turtle starts drawing (pen down)

Turtle Looks, Speed and Position Commands

t.clear()           #Clears the screen of all lines drawn

t.width(1)          #Sets line width

t.shape("arrow")    #“turtle”, “circle”, “square”, “triangle”, “classic”

t.speed(10)         #0=instant 1=slowest 10=fast 6=normal

t.home()            #turtle returns to start position

t.stamp()           #Stamps a copy of the turtle image on the screen

t.undo(6)           #undo last 6 turtle commands

Turtle Pen and Shape Colour Commands

t.pencolor("green") #set pen colour to green (can use rgb values)

t.fillcolor("Blue") #shapes filled will be blue inside (begin_fill & end_fill must be used)

t.begin_fill()      #Starts filling colour (is needed with end_fill)

t.end_fill()        #Stops filling colour (is needed with begin_fill)

t.fillcolor("yellow") #example code to make circle yellow
t.begin_fill()
t.circle(60)
t.end_fill()

Showing and Hiding the Turtle

t.ht()              #Hide turtle

t.st()              #Show turtle

Changing How the Turtle Window Looks

wn.title("My Turtle Program")  #Sets the Title of the window

wn.bgcolor("blue")  #Background colour of the window